Rick Ross -- ARRESTED IN NORTH CAROLINA ... You Got Weed Problems!

Rick Ross was arrested in North Carolina last night ... all because cops say he BLEW OFF a court date stemming from a weed arrest in town last year.

The Boss was taken into custody by the Greensboro Police Department late Friday night ... right after his performance at SuperJam 2014 at the Greensboro Coliseum.

Officials say there had been a warrant out for Ross -- because he never showed up to court to deal with a marijuana arrest in Greensboro back in 2013 ... so, when he came back to N.C., cops pounced.

We're told Ross was cooperative with police -- and has since been released from custody after posting bail.