Lamar Odom just dodged a bullet -- he will NOT be prosecuted for damaging a photog's gear ... provided he keeps his nose clean and gets help with his anger issues.

TMZ has learned ... Lamar went to the L.A. City Attorney's Office Monday for an office hearing, along with his lawyer, Shawn Holley.  A hearing officer told Lamar he would NOT be prosecuted for vandalism, provided that he pay for the damaged equipment.  He was also told if he broke the law within a year's time from when the incident happened ... criminal charges would be filed.

Sources connected with Lamar tell TMZ ... he also agreed to get anger management counseling.